NCERT PDF | History | Class 12
Themes in Indian history - II
Chapter: 8
Peasants, Zamindars and the state
The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) created a new curriculum and formed Textbook Development Teams for Class XII to write textbooks in Sociology (Social change and Development in India) based on the new standards and curriculum. Every question in the 2022 Board Exams will be based only on the NCERT Class 12 Sociology Book PDF, which is available here. Questions about the new pattern The theory presented in this NCERT Sociology PDF is also used to create case-based MCQs.
NCERT Class 12 History Themes in Indian history - II Chapter : 8 PDF
On this page, you can read or download Chapter 7 The Imperial capital Vijayanagara of the NCERT Book for Class 12 History . Students in Class 12 or preparing for any exam based on Class 12 History might use the NCERT Book to supplement their studies. When you don't have access to a physical copy, digital NCERT Books Class 12 History pdf are always useful.
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NCERT Class 12 History Themes in Indian history - II Chapter 8 Peasants, Zamindars and the state
About Chapter : 8 Peasants, Zamindars and the state
Chapter 8 covers peasants and agricultural output, village communities, women in agrarian civilization, forests, and tribes. This chapter also covers the zamindars, the land revenue system, the flow of silver, and Fazl Alami's Ain-I Akbari.
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Important Question from chapter 8 : Peasants, Zamindars and the state
Q- Examine the role played by zamindars in Mughal India.
A- The zamindars were persons who did not directly participate in the agricultural production operations but held a high social position.
( I )The zamindars saw their land as their personal property (milkiyat). They had complete power over the sale, gift, and mortgage of their property.
(ii) As a result of their higher social and economic status, they were afforded several social and economic advantages.
(iii) The zamindars belonged to the upper caste, enhancing their social standing.
(iv) The zamindars provided the state with certain services (khidmat). They received and attained greater positions in the state as a result of their service.
(v) The zamindars had the authority to collect taxes on behalf of the state and were paid for their efforts.
(vi) The zamindars held strict control over the state's military resources. They maintained a castle and a well-coordinated armed force that included cavalry, artillery, and infantry.
(vii) The zamindars were also instrumental in the development of agricultural land. They aided farmers in their settlements by providing them money and agricultural equipment. It resulted in an increase in agricultural output as well as zamindars selling and buying land. Bazaars were also held by the zamindars, according to evidence. Farmers gathered to sell their crops at these bazaars.
(viii) If the social relations of Mughal villages were represented by a pyramid, zamindars would be at the top. They were the most powerful people in the society.
(ix) Although the zamindars exploited the people, their relationships with the farmers were based on mutual cooperation and a hereditary component based on age. As a result, they were able to secure peasants in the event of a state-sponsored insurrection.
