Expand PCR? Describe the different steps involved in this technique?
The Polymerase Chain Reaction is the method of making millions of DNA copies from a DNA sample. It has two main reagents: primers (short single-stranded DNA fragments that are a complementary sequence to the target DNA), and DNA polymerase. The DNA polymerase is heat stable, that is Taq polymerase which is extracted from the bacteria Thermus aquaticus. Each cycle has three steps: a) DENATURATION: In the first step, the two strands of the DNA helix are physically separated at a heat during a process called macromolecule denaturation. b) RENATURATION / ANNEALING: In the second step, the temperature is lowered so that the primers can bind to the complementary sequences of DNA. c) EXTENSION: The third step is the target DNA sequence will synthesize its copies by the process of the extension of the primers. The temperature is raised to 750c. At this temperature, Taq – polymerase initiates DNA Synthesis at the 3-OH end of the primer
