12. The metallic constituents of hard water are : A.Magnesium, calcium and tin B.Iron, tin and calcium C.Calcium, magnesium and iron D.Magnesium, tin and iron
Answer: Option C Solution: Hard water is water that has high mineral content. In domestic settings, hard water is often indicated by a lack of suds formation when soap is agitated in water. Wherever water hardness is a concern, water softening is commonly used to reduce hard water’s adverse effects. Water’s hardness is determined by the concentration of multivalent cations in the water. Multivalent cations are cations (positively charged metal complexes) with a charge greater than 1+. Usually, the cations have the charge of 2+. The metallic constituents of hard water are Calcium, magnesium and iron.
