How do biofertilisers enrich the fertility of the soil?
Explanation Biofertilizer involves in the selection of various beneficial microbes which lead to the improvement of plant growth. Use of biofertilizer leads to the enrichment of organic nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen, which are very useful for plant growth. Behind the enrichment of the fertility of the soil, there are microbes. Let's see how the enrichment occurs- Microbes like Azatobacter, Azospirillum can fix the nitrogen in soil freely. Rhizobium present in the roots of various leguminous plants and works as a symbiotic nitrogen fixer. The species of Rhizobium which are used as biofertilizers are - R. Leguminosae, R. trifold, R. japonica, etc. Thiobacillus, Bacillus, etc can convert insoluble inorganic phosphate of soil to soluble organic phosphate, which is easily consumable for plants. Mycorrhiza is a very crucial fungus which is used as biofertilizer. There are different types of mycorrhiza present such as endomycorrhiza, ectomycorrhiza, pseudomycorrhiza. Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria such as Nostoc, Anabaena, Plectonema, etc are there for the fertility enrichment process.The fertility of the soil actually depends on the enrichment of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil. The more the soil is enriched with these the more that soil is fertile. The biofertilizers (the living microbes) is used to fix these two in soil, thus the fertility gets enriched. Plectonema, etc are there for the fertility enrichment process.
