Indian nationalism, developed as a concept during the Indian independence movement fought against the colonial British Raj.
The chapter revolves around the story from the 1920s and the Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience Movement. It has also been discussed that how Congress sought to develop the national movement, how different social groups participated in the movement, and how nationalism captured the imagination of people.
The topics discussed in this chapter are as follows:
- The First World War, Khilafat and Non-Cooperation
- Differing Strands within the Movement
- Swaraj in the Plantations
- The Sense of Collective Belonging
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Download NCERT Solutions for Chapter 2: Nationalism in India
Also Check
Chapter 1: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
Chapter 3: The Making of a Global World
Chapter 4: The Age of Industrialisation
Chapter 5: Print Culture and the Modern World
Check out Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) for Chapter 2: Nationalism in India
What was the Rowlatt Act?
Why was the Khilafat movement started?
Explain any three facts about the new economic situation created in India by the First World War.
The First World War created a dramatically new economic situation in India:
(i) Manchester imports into India declined as the British mills were busy with war production to meet the needs of the army paving the way for the Indian mills to supply for the huge home market.
(ii) As the war prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to supply war needs. As a result new factories were set up, new workers were employed and everyone was made to work longer hours.
(iii) Cotton production collapsed and exports of cotton cloth from Britain fell dramatically after the war, as it was unable to modernize and compete with US, Germany, Japan. Hence within colonies like India, local industrialists gradually consolidated their position capturing the home market.
Explain any three problems faced by the peasants of Awadh.
Three problems faced by the peasants of Awadh were:
- Talukdars and landlords demanded exorbitantly high rents and a variety of other taxes from the peasants.
- Peasants had to do begar and work at the landlords’ farms without any payment.
- As tenants they had no security of tenure and were being regularly evicted so that they could acquire no right over the leased land.
Why did the Non-Cooperation Movement gradually slow down in the cities?
Non-cooperation movement gradually slowed down in the cities for a variety of reasons:
- Khadi cloth was often more expensive than mass produced mill cloth and poor people could not afford to buy it.
- Boycott of British institutions posed a problem for the movement to be successful. Alternative Indian institutions had to be set up so that they could be used in place of the British ones.
- The institutions were slow to come up. So teachers and students began trickling back to the government schools and even lawyers joined back work in government courts.