Explain the visual culture (picture, calendar and cartoon etc.) in print developed in the 19th century.
By the end of the 19th century, a new visual culture was taking place. It was as mentioned below : With the setting up an increasing number of printing presses, visual images could be easily reproduced in multiple copies. Painters like Raja Ravi Varma produced image for mass circulation. Poor wood engravers who made woodblocks setup shop near the letter presses and were employed by print shops. Cheap prints and calendars were easily available in the bazaar. These could be bought even by the poor to decorate the walls of their homes or places of work. These prints began shaping popular ideas about modernity and tradition, religion and politics and society and culture. By the 1870s, caricatures and cartoons were published in journals and newspapers, commenting on social and political issues. Some caricatures ridiculed the educated Indians’ fascination with the western tastes and clothes, while other expressed the fear of social change. There were imperial caricatures lampooning nationalists as well as nationalist cartoons criticising imperial rule.
