Question 11. Caliph Muawiya shifted his capital to (a) Rome (b) Medina (c) Mecca (d) Damascus Answer
Caliphate. During his 20-year governorship of Syria and during the war against ʿAlī, Muʿāwiyah had succeeded in recruiting and training a large Arab tribal army that was remarkably loyal to him. It was therefore natural that he should base his caliphate in Syria, with Damascus as the new capital of Islam.
