How do various leaf modifications help plants?
Photosynthesis, transpiration, and respiration are the three basic functions of leaves. Apart from these functions, the leaves have to perform other functions too. As a result, leaves modify themselves in the following ways: i. Tendrils: In some plants, the entire leaf or a portion of it is transformed into a coiled thread-like structure known as a tendril. Tendrils help plants in climbing. Example: Peas and clematis. ii. Spines: - In many plants, the leaves are modified into thin sharp and pointed structures called spines. They play a major role in defence. Example: Opuntia and Yucca. iii. Scale Leaves: - Onions have predominantly fleshy scale leaves. iv. Pitcher: It is an adaptation of an insectivorous plant, in which the lamina takes the shape of a pitcher and the apex takes the shape of a lid to capture the insects. The inside walls of the pitcher have several digestive glands. These glands release a fluid that helps in the digestion of insects. Example: Nepenthes. v. Phyllode: The petiole of some plants, such as Australian Acacia, turns green, flattens, and resembles a leaf.
