By taking industrial melanism as an example, explain the concept of natural selection by evolution?
Natural selection is a mechanism through which populations of living creatures adapt to changes to survive. It claims that because of the survival of the fittest, species evolve rapidly. Minimal differences are preserved and transmitted, giving rise to new forms over time. A collection of moths was discovered in the year 1850. White-winged moths outnumbered dark-winged moths in this collection. The population of dark-wringed moths rose with industrialization. The explanation for this is because, throughout the post-industrial period, tree trunks became darkened by industrial smoke, preventing the white-winged moth from surviving. However, it is also known that before industrialization, trees were coated with thick growths of off-white-colored lichens, allowing white-winged moths to thrive while dark-colored moths were easily identified by predators. As a result, it may be argued that nature chooses the best species for the job.
