What does Hardy Weinberg’s principle state? What are the factors which affect Hardy Weinberg’s equilibrium?
A. to Hardy Weinberg’s principle, allele frequency in a population is stable and is constant from generation to generation i.e. total gene pool remains constant. This is called genetic equilibrium e.g. In a diploid organism, suppose ‘p’ represents the frequency of allele ‘A’ and ‘q’ represents the frequency of allele ‘q’. p2+2pq+q2=1p2+2pq+q2=1 Factors affecting Hardy – Weinberg Equilibrium : (i) Gene flow: When the migration of a section of a population to another place starts, gene frequency changes in both the original as well as in the new population. (ii) Genetic drift: If by chance a particular allele frequency decrease or increases in a population. (iii) Mutations: They are sudden changes in the genotype which are carried over a generation. (iv) Genetic recombination: Sometimes changes in the frequency of an allele are different in a new sample of the population as they become new species. (v) Natural selection: Process by which individuals with particular heritable characteristics survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals favored by natural selection tend to be more common in the next generation than in the parent generation.
