What is somatic hybridization - Explain the steps involved in the production of somatic hybrids?
The technique of fusing protoplasts of somatic cells generated from two distinct kinds or species of a plant on an appropriate nutritional culture medium under sterile conditions is known as somatic hybridization. Topato, a somatic hybrid created by fusing tomato and potato protoplasts, is one example. The following stages are involved in somatic hybridization:- (I) Protoplast isolation from two distinct plant types, each with a desired trait, (II) When the cytoplasm of two protoplasts fuses, the cytoplasm coalesces. Even after cytoplasm fusion, the nuclei of two protoplasts may or may not fuse; protoplast fusion requires a suitable chemical termed fusogen, such as PEG or polyethylene glycol. (III) Hybrid protoplasts form a new cell wall around themselves when conditions are favourable. A hybrid cell starts freshwater single-cell fish indefinitely to create a callus. (IV) The callus is regenerated and transferred to fresh culture plates with appropriate culture media.
