Write a description of the production of human insulin in the genetically modified organism.
Human insulin, a protein, is made up of two short polypeptide chains: chain A and B. These chains are linked by disulfide bonds. Insulin is secreted as a precursor hormone or prohormone that is made functional or matured by processing. The processing of precursor hormone is the removal of another polypeptide called C-peptide present in the precursor hormone to make it functional. The two DNA sequences encoding the chains A and B of human insulin were introduced into the plasmid in Escherichia coli, using genetic engineering that is then used for the formation of insulin protein. The resulting two chains are extracted and joined by creating a disulfide bridge.
