Give reason Chlorobenzene on reaction with fuming sulphuric acid gives ortho and para chlorosulphonic acids.
Although chlorine is an electronegative molecule, it possesses a lone pair of electrons that have a tendency to be added to the benzene ring's resonance structure, resulting in partial negative charges on ortho and para positions, with the electron density being lowest at meta. Now, we know that when sulphuric acid is introduced to this molecule, the mechanism is electrophile (SO3SO3)attacks, and since it will approach the position with greater electron density, it will attack the negative, ortho/para positions, yielding ortho and para chloro sulphonic acid.
