Explain any three methods of vector less gene transfer.
Vectors of gene transfer. Following are common methods of vectors gene transfer. Microinjection: Microinjection is the process/technique of introducing foreign genes into a host cell by injecting the DNA directly into the nucleus by using microneedle or micropipette. Electroporation: Electroporation is the process by which transient holes are produced in the plasma membrane of the (host) cell to facilitate entry of foreign DNA.