Name the type of immunity that is present at the time of birth in humans. Explain any two ways by which it is accomplished
Innate immunity: It is also called inborn or non-specific immunity. It is the first line of defence. It is composed of the following steps: 1. Anatomic barriers: The skin and mucous membranes secrete certain chemicals which dispose of pathogens. Specific cases of this defence are cited below: The oil and sweat secreted by sebaceous and sudoriferous glands contain lactic acid and fatty acids, which make the skin surface acidic (pH 3 to 5). This does not allow the microorganisms to establish. 2. Physiological barrier: Body temperature, pH and various body secretions like saliva prevent the growth of many pathogenic microorganisms. Pyrogens and interferons aid in fighting infections.
