Which ruler in India challenged the authority of the Ulemas or Muslim clergy?
Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq. The Ulema, being an interpreter of Islamic laws, also influenced the policy of the Sultan. Only Alauddin Khilji and Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq strongly opposed the interference of the Ulemas in the affairs of the state. The Sultans of Delhi were not the head of religion but only the head of their state. But their primary duty was the observance of the laws of Shariat or Islamic laws in matters of state. They were supporters of ulemas religious rules.
