56.A cell organelle containing hydrolytic enzyme is: A. Mesosome B. Lysosome C. Microsome D. Ribosome
Option B. Lysosomes are single membrane-bound organelles present in animal cells. These are heterogeneous structures and greatly vary in size as well as their shape. Lysosomes have acidic internal pH of 5 and are filled with hydrolytic enzymes. They contain about 40 different types of hydrolytic enzymes, including proteases, nucleases, glycosidases, lipases, sulfatases and phospholipases. These enzymes are responsible for controlling intracellular digestion of macromolecules. All hydrolases are acidic because they require an acidic pH for optimal activity. There are two main types of Lysosomes, namely, primary lysosomes and secondary lysosomes. Primary lysosomes contain material for intracellular digestion whereas secondary lysosomes do not contain material for intracellular digestion. Lysosomes are responsible for digestion of both intracellular and extracellular materials. The process by which materials are taken into the cell from an external environment and broken down by lysosomes is known as heterophagy. In contrast, the digestion of cytoplasmic components within lysosomes is known as autophagy. Some lysosome participates in exocytosis. This enables cells to eliminate undigested contents. For most cells, this seems to be a minor pathway, used only when the cells are stressed.Therefore, the lysosome is the cell organelle that contains typically hydrolytic enzymes. The correct answer is option C, which represents ‘lysosome’.
