Differentiate the following and give examples of each: (a) Innate and acquired immunity (b) Active and passive immunity
Explanation (a) Innate and acquired immunity: Innate immunity is a defence mechanism attained from birth whereas acquired immunity is attained by encountering same pathogen repeatedly. Innate immunity is common whereas acquired immunity is specific in nature. Innate immunity is attained by physical barrier whereas acquired immunity is attainted by the memory of the body. Examples of innate immunity are namely physical barrier, cellular barrier, physiological barrier and cytokine barrier whereas examples of acquired immunity are B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes. (b) Active and passive immunity: The natural antigen response to the pathogens is called active immunity whereas injection of ready-made antigens is called passive immunity. Active immunity has slower response whereas passive immunity has faster response. Example of active immunity is recovering from fever naturally whereas example of passive immunity is when a baby receives antibodies through placenta. Final Answer The immunity present from birth is called innate immunity and immunity produced in response to specific pathogen is called as acquired immunity. The immunity produced in response to disease is called active immunity and the vaccination injected as initiation is passive immunity. When a person is subject to disease or allergies, the body naturally has some immunity to prevent the multiplication of disease or allergies. When the disease affects the production of lymphocytes, the person becomes more ill. If not, the person remain naturally healthy.
