Topics to be covered
- Resources and Development
- Forest and wildlife Resources
- Water Resources
- Agriculture
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Resources and Development
Resources, such as labour force, livestock, and mineral wealth, are the means at hand for promoting political and economic development.Types of Resources
On the basis of origin- Biotic
- Abiotic resources
- Renewable
- Non-renewable resources
- Individual resources
- Community-owned resources
- National resources
- International resources
On the basis of status of development
- Potential resources
- Developed resources
- Stock
- Reserves
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Resource Planning in India
- Resources must be identified and kept on file, which requires surveying, mapping, and both qualitative and quantitative resource estimation and measurement.
- creating a planning organisation with the appropriate institutional, technological, and skill set for carrying out resource development plans.
- contrasting the national development plans with the plans for resource development.
Conservation of Resources
Any action that promotes development needs resources. In order to address the socioeconomic and environmental issues, it must be conserved at multiple levels.Land resources
About 43% of India's land area is plain, which supports agriculture and industry, 30% is mountainous, which supports tourist and ecological features while ensuring the perennial flow of some rivers, and 27% is a plateau region with abundant mineral, fossil fuel, and forest resources.Classification of Soils
According to the characteristics that contribute to soil formation, its colour, and its thickness, soil is categorised. age, chemical makeup, and physical characteristics. Alluvial soil, Black soil, Red and Yellow soils, Laterite soil, Arid soil, and Forest soil are among the several types of soil.The three significant Himalayan river systems—the Indus, the Ganga, and the Brahmaputra—deposit alluvial soils. It can be found in the Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, and Mahanadi river deltas. Alluvial soils can be divided into two groups based on their age: Bangar (ancient alluvial) and Khadar (new alluvial).
Also referred to as black cotton soil, black soil is excellent for growing cotton. Red soils appear reddish in colour as a result of iron diffusing through crystalline and metamorphic rocks. When it is hydrated, it has a yellow appearance.
Heavy rains that caused severe leaching eventually led to laterite soil. It can be grown if manure and fertiliser are applied in the proper amounts.
Sandy and salty soils are characteristics of arid environments. Due to the dry weather, high temperatures, rapid evaporation, and deficiency of humus and moisture in the soil. Forest soils are coarse grained on the upper slopes and loamy and silty on valley sides. In the Himalayan regions covered in snow, these soils have a high humus content and are acidic.
Water Resources
Oceans are thought to make up roughly 96.5 percent of the water on earth. The fresh water content is 2.5%. Less than 30% of this fresh water is kept in the world's aquifers as groundwater. About 70% of this fresh water is found as ice sheets and glaciers in Antarctica, Greenland, and the mountainous parts of the planet. India receives almost 4% of the world's precipitation and has the 133rd-lowest water availability per person per year. In addition to using a lot of water, industries also need power to operate. A large portion of this energy needs electricity to operate. Hydroelectricity contributes significantly to the energy used here. Approximately 22% of the electricity produced in India today comes from hydroelectric power. Traditionally, dams were constructed to collect rainwater and rivers for later use in irrigating farmland. Dams are constructed for both irrigation and electrical production. supply of water for home and industrial purposes, prevention of flooding, leisure activities, inland navigation, and fish rearing. Nowadays, dams are referred to as multipurpose projects where the several uses of the water ponded are intertwined. Water from the Bhakra-Nangal project has been used for irrigation and hydel power generation in the Sutlej-Beas river basin. The Mahanadi basin's Hirakud project combines flood control and water conservation.RAINWATER HARVESTING
Many thought that water harvesting systems were an environmentally and socioeconomically viable alternative to multipurpose projects, given the drawbacks and growing opposition to them.STEP OF RAINWATER HARVESTING
- Using a PVC pipe, rainwater from the roof is collected.
- bricks and sand were used as filters.
- Water is transported via underground conduit to a sump for immediate use.
- The sump's excess water is sent to the well.
- Water from the well replenishes the soil below.
