The sixth chapter in Geography textbook is 'Manufacturing Industries'.
Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing. Manufacturing belongs to secondary sector in which the primary materials are processed and converted into finished goods.
Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing. Manufacturing belongs to secondary sector in which the primary materials are processed and converted into finished goods.
Factors which affect the location of an industry
- Raw material. Cheap and abundant availability of raw material.
- Labour. Availability of cheap labor is necessary for low cost of production low.
- Power. Cheap and continuous supply of power is extremely necessary.
- Capital. It is necessary for developing infrastructure, for the entire manufacturing process and for meeting manufacturing expenditure.
- Banking and insurance facilities, favorable government policies.
Five basis on which industries are classified
- On the basis of source of raw materials used — Agro-based and mineral-based.
- According to their main role — Basic and Consumer industries.
- On the basis of capital investment — Small-scale and large-scale industries.
- On the basis of ownership — Public Sector, Private Sector, Cooperative Sector, Joint Sector.
- Based on the bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods — Heavy industries, Light
Steps to minimize the environmental degradation caused by industrial development
- Minimizing use of water for processing by reusing and recycling in two or more successive stages. Harvesting of rain water to meet domestic and industrial water requirements.
- Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.
- Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators. Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories.
- Machinery and equipments can be fitted with silencers to prevent noise pollution.
The topics discussed in this chapter are as follows:
- Importance of Manufacturing
- Industrial Location
- Agro-based industries
- Mineral-based industries
- Industrial Pollution and Environmental Degradation
- Control of Environmental Degradation
Students can view and download the chapter from the link given below.
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Download NCERT Solutions for Chapter 6: Manufacturing Industries
Also Check
Chapter 1: Resources and Development
Chapter 2: Forest and Wildlife Resources
Chapter 3: Water Resources
Chapter 4: Agriculture
Chapter 5: Minerals and Energy Resources
Chapter 7: Lifelines of National Economy
Check out Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) for Chapter 6: Manufacturing Industries
What is NMCC?
National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council
Mention the industries on the basis of ownership.
- Public sector owned and operated by the government agencies – BHEL.
- Private sector owned and operated by individuals – TISCO.
- Joint sector which are owned and run jointly by the state and individuals – Oil India Ltd.
- Cooperative sector industries owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw material, workers or both g. sugar industry in Maharashtra.
Why the Chhotanagpur region has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries?
The Chhotanagpur region has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries due to low cost of iron ore, high grade raw material in proximity, cheap labour and vast growth potential in the home market.
Classify industry on the basis of the bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods.
On the basis of bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods the industries are classified into heavy and light industries.
- Heavy industries are such as iron and steel.
- Light industries that use light raw materials and produce light goods such as electrical industries.
Where most of the jute mills are located?
Most of the jute mills are located in West Bengal mainly along the banks of the Hooghly river.
