Tissues : In human and plants
What is tissue??
Often cells which specialise in the same function are found together.
A group of such cell is called a tissue .thus a tissue a group of similar cells performing a specific function.
We study the tissue in histology and related diseases of tissue we learn in histopathology.
Animal tissue
The main types of animal tissues are….
• Connective tissue
• Epithelium tissue
• Muscular tissue
• Nervous Tissue
Epithelium tissue
Epitheliam tissue forms a continuous protective covering layer on the entire body surface and cavities inside the body and its parts .
The surface layers of the mouth , alimentary canal and lungs are .
lined with epithelial tissues .
Functions
• They protect the underlying cells from drying , injury , bacterial and chemical effects .
• Inside the body , they form the lining of the mouth and alimentary canal and protect these organs .
• They help in the absorption of water and other nutrients .
• They help in the elimination of waste products .
• Some epithelial tissues perform secretory in function.
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Types of epithelial tissue
Squamous _
In oesophagus and covers the skin
cuboidal
Present in as forms of lining of some body cavities endocrine glands kidney and many glands.
Columnar
Present in most part of the elementary canal such as the stomach and intestine.
Ciliated
It presents form the lining of much of the respiratory system bronchi ,trachea ,nasal ,passage etc.
Glandular
It form the inner lining of the glands.
Connective tissue
Connective tissue occurs in all body organs.
Source: Amar ujala
About 20% of 40% of body part is composed to connected tissue.Function
Connective tissues are specialised for connecting the various tissues and organ together they form the packing material of the body organs.
Types of Connective tissue
On the basis of the structure and function there are five types of connective tissue…..
1.
Areoler Connective tissue
2.
Adipos Connective tissue
3.
Dence regular Connective tissue
4.
Skeleton Connective tissue
5.
Fluid Connective tissue
1. Areoler Connective tissue
These are the most widely distributed connective tissue that join the skin to the muscle and fill spaces inside the organ these tissues help in despiring of the skin after an injury by combating foreign toxins.
2. Adipos Connective tissue
It is stores fat which acts as an insulating system for the body these are found in the lower layers of the skin act as a packing tissue around kidney element etc.
3. Dence regular Connective tissue
Tendon: they attached muscle to bone they are the bundles of strong white fibres called collagen fibres the fibre are lose and very elastic in nature fibre are sacreted by the surroundings connective tissue cell.
Ligament: it is a rough fibrous tissue that binds the bond together ad joint it’s support in a organ of the body.
4. Skeleton Connective tissue
• Cartilage: it is a non forest issue and usually found at the joints of the bones it has no blood vessel and nurse it provides support for certain body parts such external air and the nose bridge.
• Bone: it is a hard pores and opaque tissue it is very strong and not flexible.
it has a good supply of blood vessels and nerves.it contains of both living cell and rigid mass of inorganic salt.
5. Fluid Connective tissue
Blood: it is composed of both cellular and liquid part. the liquid parts of the blood is plasma and the cellular part include red blood carpuscles white blood carpuscels and blood platelets that keep on floating in blood plasma. The blood flows through all the part of the body and connect every part of the body.
Lymph: it is the clear liquid part of blood without RBCs and blood platelets.
it circulate you need directional through the body and picks up fats , bacteria and unwanted materials from the blood and filter it .
Through the lymphatic system that body defend against diseases.
Muscular tissue
The muscular tissue for the muscles of the body.
muscular tissue contains the thin and long cell called muscles fibre.
It is responsible for the heartbeat, flow of the blood and lymph into vessels ,passes of the air through respiratory tract, swallowing the food etc.
Types of muscular tissue
• Striated or Voluntary tissues: straiated muscles are usually under conscious control.
We can move our leg and arms with the help of voluntary muscles.
their food they are known as the voluntary muscle it's our usually attached to the bones they are also called skeleton muscles.
• Cardiac tissue: it fonts only in the Wall of the heart it is both type voluntary and involuntary muscles.
• Smooth or Involuntary tissue involuntary muscles are spindle safe and do not have any striations.
They are found in the most of the internal organs of the body and are not under the direct control of our well so they are called as involuntary muscles.
Nervous Tissue
It is present in brain spinal cord and nerves and they are all composed of nerve tissue.
Naruti Shiv contance specialized cell called neurones they are highly especialised to conduct impulses or signals.
Function
Naro tissues control the co-ordinate the activities of the organism.
Changes in there internal and external environment act as stimuli which are directed by receptor cell in the sense organ .the impulse travel along sensory nerves to the central nervous system.
the brain process the information it received and besides which response to make impulses, are sent out through motor neurons to a effected organs.
Plant tissue
In higher plant the cell differ very much in their kinds from the origin the plant is you can be classified into two major groups.
These are…..
Maristematic tissue or meristems: they are the group of actively divided cell located mainly at the growing tips of the roots stem and leaves.there are 3 types of plants tissue....
- Meristematic tissue
- Parmanent tissue
- Protective tissue
Function of plants tissue
• The cells of meristematic tissue divide continuously and help it increasing the length and girth of the plant.
• The the meristematic tissue is to continuously form a number of new cells.
Types of Meristematic tissue
Terminal or apical meristem: found in the near of tips of the roots suits birds and growing tips of leaves.
Intercalary maristem: it locates at the base of the internod for example stem of grasses and other monocots.
Lateral meristem: it locates along the side of the central longitudinal axis of the plant it is also known as cambium.
Permanent tissue: permanent tissues develop from the meristematic tissues.
They do not have the power of cell division.
Types of permanent tissue
Simple permanent tissue -permanent tissue are three type...
• Parenchyma
• Collenchyma
• Scalerenchyma
Function of permanent tissue
Being flexible and elastic in nature it gives mechanical strength and support of young , leaves and floral stalks to resist wild current.
• It takes part in photosynthesis is chloroplast are present.
• Calling kaima cells store food.
Complex permanent tissue
They are composed of cells of more than one, but they perform together as a unit.
Complex tissues transport water, salt and food material to the various part of the plant body.
They are also called conducting or vascular tissue it is two types….
Xylem: it is a mechanical tissue through which of word transportation of water and mineral takes place.
Function of Xylum
• It is responsible for the upward transportation of water and dissolved minerals from roots to leaves.
• The lignified walls of cells of xylem provides mechanical support to different part of the plant body and help in the conduction of water against gravity
Phloem: fluorine is a conducting tissue it conducts food and other material from leaves to different parts of the plant of the body.
Protective tissue
Is plant body whether it is a root stem or leave has a protective layer called epidermis.
On the leave the epidermis cells secret of waxy ,waterproof substance which check the rate of respiration from the surface of leaves.
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Q1-What is the tissue in a body?
Answer-Tissue is a group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit. A nonliving material, called the intercellular matrix, fills the spaces between the cells. This may be abundant in some tissues and minimal in others.
Q2- What is biological tissue?
Answer-In biology, tissue is a biological organizational level between cells and a complete organ. A tissue is an ensemble of similar cells and their extracellular matrix from the same origin that together carry out a specific function. Organs are then formed by the functional grouping together of multiple tissues.
Q3-Is blood is the tissue?
Answer- Blood is one of the connective tissues. As a connective tissue, it consists of cells and cell fragments (formed elements) suspended in an intercellular matrix (plasma). Blood is the only liquid tissue in the body that measures about 5 liters in the adult human and accounts for 8 percent of the body weight.
Q4-What is the functions of tissue?
Answer-Epithelial tissues act as coverings, controlling the movement of materials across their surface. Connective tissue binds the various parts of the body together, providing support and protection. Muscle tissue allows the body to move and nervous tissues functions in communication.
Q5-How tissue is form?
Answer-Tissues are formed from the assemblage of cells and intercellular materials in various proportions in which one component predominates. In nervous tissue as an example, nerve cells predominate while in connective tissues such as Ligaments and Tendons, intercellular fibrous materials predominate.
