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The seventh chapter in Science textbook is 'Control and Coordination'. The human body is a complex machine performing tons of functions and processes to maintain and sustain life.
This chapter takes you to explore how the body controls its movements and coordinates its actions with other parts of the body and the environment.
Movement in organisms
The ability of organisms to move certain body parts is movement.
When they move from one place to another, it is called locomotion.
Organisms move in response to various kinds of stimuli like light, heat, nutrients/food, etc.
All the activities in animals are controlled and coordinated by the nervous and endocrine system.
Hormones are chemical messengers, which assist the nervous system in carrying out various functions.
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They are secreted by endocrine glands.
Hormones in plants coordinate the movements.
Receptors
Receptors are the specialized tips of the nerve fibres that collect the information to be conducted by the nerves.
Receptors are in the sense organs of the animals.
They are classified as follows :
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Phono-receptors: These are present in inner ear.
The main functions are hearing and balance of the body.
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Photo-receptors: These are present in the eye.
These are responsible for visual stimulus.
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Thermo-receptors: These are present in skin.
These receptors are responsible for pain, touch and heat stimuli.
These receptors are also known as thermoreceptors.
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Olfactory-receptors: These are present in nose.
These receptors receive smell.
- Gustatory-receptors: These are present in the tongue.
These helps in taste detection.
The topics discussed in this chapter are as follows:
- The Nervous System
- Reflex action
- Protection of brain
- Plant hormones and movements
- Endocrine System
Students can view and download the chapter from the link given below.
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) for Chapter 7: Control and Coordination
The chemical substances produced in plants which help in the growth and development of plant, its tissues and other plants.
Insulin hormone secreted by pancreas.
We have olfactory receptors in our nose which detect the smell of hot spicy food. This information is transmitted by nerve impulse to olfactory lobes of forebrain which interpret the information.
Auxin is a plant hormone that promotes growth and cell elongation in plants.
Plants have a unique mechanism of controlling and coordinating its various physiological and biological processes. Plants respond to light, touch, gravitational force and other stimuli. Growth and movements in plants are regulated by both external and internal factors. The functions of control and coordination in plants are performed by chemical substances known as plant hormones or phytohormones.
