February Month Current Affairs Free Ebook: Download Here
Table of content
Who were the Moderates?
Difference between the Extremists and the Moderates?
How did Extremists and Moderates influence people?
Who were the Extremists?
The Indian national movement reached its most radical stage at the turn of the 20th century. A militant nationalist drive dominated political action during the Indian national movement's peak period of intensity. Extremism was prevalent from 1905 through 1918. Examples of radical leaders include Lala Lajpat Rai, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Extremism or violent nationalism then emerged. Its expansion was facilitated by a number of factors, including:
- The actual character of British rule was revealed. Famines and plagues were common. The Government was refusing to give in to the Moderates' crucial requests.
- There was a greater sense of self-respect as a result of the Moderates' emphasis on educating the populace. People grew more informed and self-assured in their political positions and behaviours.
- With the growth of knowledge came the spread of nationalism. It also emphasised the country's economic situation and underemployment.
- There was discontent among the youth. They were dissatisfied with the rate at which progress was being made.
You can also read this article in Hindi here!
Who were the Moderates?
They were progressive, able to mobilise the populace, make modern concepts popular, and create a political foundation from which to expand the conflict. They adopted a methodical, methodical strategy that produced sustained political advancement.
Also read the Difference Between Ancient, Medieval and Modern History here!
Difference between the Extremists and the Moderates?
| Basis | Moderates | Extremists |
| Phase | 1885-1905 | 1905-1920 |
| Aim |
1.
Aimed at administrative and constitutional reforms.
2. Wanted more Indians in the administration and not to end British rule. 3. They were secular in their attitudes, though not always forthright enough to rise above their sectarian interests. They knew the exploitative nature of British rule but wanted its reforms and not expulsion. |
1.
Aim of getting Swaraj
2. Wanted to end the tyrannical rule of the British. |
| Ideology |
1.
They believe in the efficacy of peaceful and constitutional agitation.
2. They had great faith in the British sense of justice and fair play. 3. They were inspired by the ideas of western philosophers like Mill, Burke, Spencer and Bentham. Moderates imbibed western ideas of liberalism, democracy, equity and freedom. |
1.
They were radical in their approach.
The demands of extremists were aggressive.
2. They believed in atmashakti or self-reliance as a weapon against domination. 3. Ideological inspiration was Indian History, Cultural heritage, national education and Hindu traditional symbols. Hence, they revived the Ganapati and Shivaji festivals to arouse the masses. 4. They wanted to inculcate pride in India’s glorious culture to generate the spirit of nationalism. They invoked goddesses Kali or Durga for strength to fight for the motherland. 5. Guided by four: principles Swarajya, Swadeshi, Boycott of foreign goods and National education to make the Indian aware. |
| Methodology |
1.
They follow the principles of 3P: Petition, Prayer and Protest.
2. They believed in cooperation and reconciliation. |
1.
They believe in militant methods.
2. They follow the principle of atmashakti or self-reliance as a weapon against domination. 3. Method of Non-Cooperation. 4. They advocated democracy, constitutionalism and progress. |
| Leaders | A.O. Hume. W.C. Banerjee. Surendra Nath Banerjee, Dadabhai Naoroji, Feroze Shah Mehta. Gopalakrishna Gokhale. Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya. Badruddin Tyabji. Justice Ranade and G.Subramanya Aiyar | Lala Lajpat Rai, Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Bipin Chandra Pal, Aurobindo Ghosem Rajnarayan Bose, and Ashwini Kumar Dutt |
| Social Support | Zamindars and Upper middle classes in towns | Educated middle and lower-middle classes in towns |
| Contribution |
1.
Economic Critique of British Imperialism
2. Constitutional Reforms and Propaganda in Legislature 3. Campaign for General Administrative Reforms 4. Defence of Civil Rights |
1.
Demand of Swaraj
2. Mass movement 3. Spread of national education 4. Upliftment of downtrodden 5. Nationalism 6. Support revolutionary movements 7. Rise of communalism 8. Encouraged co-operative organisation 9. Set up a charitable association for rural sanitation, preventive police duties, regulation of fairs and pilgrim gatherings for providing relief funds during famines and other calamities. |
Check the List of Cabinet Ministers here!
How did Extremists and Moderates influence people?
The moderates had their fair share of conflict and leadership. They helped launch several political and social initiatives, as well as an organised independence effort. They were unable to keep up with the rate of conflict and ideological change, necessitating the necessity for new leaders. Even though extremists lacked consistency and were fragmented, they were able to increase their social base. The ideology of extremism energised the youth. People progressed from inaction to noncooperation, and from moderation to political radicalism. Extremism resulted in revivalism and obscurantism, but it also transformed the people' attitude. Despite their defeats, both Moderates and Extremists contributed significantly to the liberation cause.
You may also read the List Of National Parks In India.
|
If you're preparing for government job exams, then these informational articles will help you |
