Profit & Loss : Concept with formulas!

Safalta Expert Published by: Saksham Chauhan Updated Wed, 30 Nov 2022 10:38 AM IST

Highlights

Clear your concepts on Profit and loss here with Safalta. Now master one of the most important sections of maths with ease. 

Free Demo Classes

Register here for Free Demo Classes

Please fill the name
Please enter only 10 digit mobile number
Please select course
Please fill the email
Something went wrong!
Download App & Start Learning

The topic of Profit and Loss is extremely important for all kinds of students. While the school hopes candidates must have clarity related to the fundamentals and know all the formulas. The candidates for the competitive exams must be able to do these questions in no time and they must have very high accuracy in these topics. For the benefit of all the candidates, we have compiled in one place the details related to the Profit and Loss Formula. The students must mug up these formulas and have clarity on the concept.

Source: Safalta.com

The space below has a complete list of Profit and Loss formulas along with other concepts.
 

You can also check ,

Speed , Time and Distance Missing Term
Parajumble Odd One Out
Blood Relations Syllogism
Ratio and Proportion Time And Work
 

Basic Profit and Loss Concepts

Let's study profit and loss in math. In terms of cost price and selling price, it is properly stated.

1 .Profit(P) 

 is the profit earned when a product is sold for more than its cost price.

2 . Loss(L)

A loss is the amount a seller loses after selling a product for less than its cost price.

3 .Price of the product (CP)

A cost price is the amount paid for a product or commodity at the time of purchase. Also abbreviated as CP. This cost price is further broken down into two categories:

4. Fixed Cost:

 A fixed cost is one that remains constant regardless of the conditions.

Cost is variable and depends on the quantity of units ordered.

5. Price of Sale (SP)

The Selling Price refers to the price at which a thing is sold. SP is the most common abbreviation. Also referred to as a selling price.

6 .Formula for a Marked Price (MP)

This is a term used by retailers to offer clients a discount in such a way that, 

Discount = Selling Price – Marked Price, And Discount Percentage = (Discount/Marked price) x 100

 

Formulas for Profit and Loss

Let's look for the profit and loss formulas now.
 

The profit or gain is calculated by subtracting the selling price from the cost price.

The cost price minus the selling price is the loss.

Selling price – Cost Price = Profit or Gain

Cost Price – Selling Price = Loss

 
The profit and loss proportion is calculated using the following formula:

(Loss / Cost price) × 100 = Loss %

(Profit /Cost Price) x 100 = Profit %

 

 Questions and Answers 

 

Question 1

A merchant offers 8% discount on all his goods and still makes a profit of 15%. If an item is marked rs 250, then its cost price is

Option 1: 230 

Option 2: 187 

Option 3: 180 

Option 4: 200

Answer: 4: 200 

Explanation:

 

Question 2:

If in a sale, the discount given on a saree is equal to one-fourth the marked price and the loss due to this discount is 15%, then the ratio of the cost price to the selling price is :

Option 1: 10:17 

Option 2: 20:17 

Option 3: 3:4 

Option 4: 4:3

Answer: 2: 20:17

Explanation:

 

Question 3:

In a 15% discount sale, the cost of a book is 2,150 What was the original price of the book? (Correct to two decimal places)

Option 1: 1527.00 

Option 2: 2500.00 

Option 3: 2529.41 

Option 4: 2250.50

Answer: 3: 2529.41

Explanation:

original price

original price = 43000/17=2529.41

 

Question 4:

The list price of an electric fan is rs 300. If two successive discounts of 15% and 10% are allowed, its selling price would be

Option 1: 227.50 

Option 2: 225 

Option 3: 230 

Option 4: 229.50

Answer: 4: 229.50

Explanation:

 

Question 5:

If in a business. Alok gains 75% more profit than Akash, then by what percentage profit of Akash is less than the profit of Alok?

Option 1: 42.85%

Option 2: 30.8% 

Option 3: 12.63% 

Option 4: 25%

 

Answer: 1: 42.85% 

Explanation:

Let the profit of Alok be Rs. 100. then profit of Akash is ` 175. Required Profit percentage

175-100/175 X 100 = 42.85%

 

Question 6:

A chair marked at Rs 350 is available at successive discounts of 25% and 10%. The selling price of the chair is

Option1: 240.25 Rs

Option 2: 242.25 Rs 

Option3: 236.25Rs 

Option 4: 230.25 Rs

 

Answer: 3: 236.25Rs

Explanation:

Effective Discount Of Two Successive Discount = picture
 

Question 7:

The selling price and cost price of an article differs by 480. What is the selling price in case the profit percentage is 25% ?

Option 1: 2400 

Option 2: 2880 

Option 3: 2600

 Option 4: 2800

Answer: 1: 2400

Explanation:

SP-CP=480 1.25x-x=480 ⇒0.25x = 480

X = 1920

So selling price SP = 1920 + 480 = 2400
 

Question 8:

If cost of 15 eggs be 75 rupees, then find out the cost of 5 dozen eggs.

Option 1: 300 

Option 2: 400 

Option 3: 500 

Option 4: 600

 

Answer: 1: 300

 

Explanation:

Cost of 15 eggs = 75 rupees

Cost of 1 egg = 75/15 = 5 rupees, Cost Of Dozens,i.e.5x12=60x5=300

 

Question 9:

A stationer buys diaries at 75 rupees per dozen and sells them at 15 rupees per piece. What is the profit?

Option 1: 75 

Option 2: 100

Option 3: 105 

Option 4: 110

 

Answer: 3: 105

Explanation:

Each dozen carries cost 75 rupees and are sold for 12x15=180rupees

profit = SP-CP

profit = 180-75 = 105 rupees

 

Question 10:

A man bought 18 oranges for a rupee and sold them at 12 oranges for a rupee. what is the profit percentage ?

Option 1: 40% 

Option 2: 50% 

Option 3: 25% 

Option 4: 30%

 

Answer: 2: 50%

 

Explanation:

CP = 100/18 = 5.55 paisa

SP = 100/12 = 8.33 paisa

∴ Profit = (8.33-5.55)/5.55 x 100 = 50 %

 

Question 11:

On selling an article for Rs. 240, a trader loses 4%. In order to gain 10 % he must sell that article for

Option 1: Rs. 275 

Option 2: Rs 340

Option 3: Rs 320 

Option 4: Rs 240

Answer: 1: Rs. 275

Explanation:

Let the CP be Rs.x,then SP be0.96x ∴ 0.96 x = 240

⇒x=250 

Now the new SP=250X1.1=275

 

Question 12:

By selling 12 apples for a rupee, a man loses 20%. How many for a rupee should he sell to gain 20%

Option 1: 8 

Option 2: 10 

Option 3: 15

 Option 4: 16

Answer: 1: 8

Explanation:

SP = 100/12 paise Let'sCP=x

SP = 0.8x = 100/12

∴ x = 10/(0.8x12) paise Therefore, CP = 100/9.6 paise

Thus the new SP (with 20% profit) = 100/9.6 X 1.2 = 100/8 paise 

Hence, 8 apples can be purchased for Rs.1 to gain 20%

 

Question 13:

By selling a pen for Rs. 15, a man loses one sixteenth of what it costs him. The cost price of thepenis?

Option 1: 16

 Option 2: 18 

Option 3: 20 

Option 4: 21

Answer:  1: 16

Explanation:

Let the C.P. be Rs. x. Then, x–15=x/16

 ⇒x–x/16=15

⇒15x/16=15 

⇒x=16

∴C.P.=Rs.16.
 

Question 14:

By selling an article Michael earned a profit equal to one-fourth of the price he bought it. If he sold it for Rs. 375, what was the cost price ?

Option 1: 281.75

Option 2: 300 

Option 3: 312.50

Option 4: 350

 

Answer: 2: 300

Explanation:

S.P. = C.P. + C.P./4= 5 C.P./4 ∴5C.P./4 = 375

⇒ C.P. = Rs. (375×4/5)= Rs. 300.

 

Question 15 :

10% loss on selling price is what percent loss on the cost price ?

Option 1: 9 1/ 11 %

Option 2: 9 2/11 %

Option 3: 10%

Option 4: 11%

 Answer:  1: 9 1/11 %

 Explanation:

Let S.P. = Rs. 100

Then, Loss = Rs. 10, C.P.=(100+10)=Rs.110 

∴ Loss % =(10×100/110)%= %.

 

Question 16:

A trader mixes three varieties of groundnuts costing Rs. 50, 20 and Rs. 30 per kg in the ratio 2 : 4 : 3 in terms of weight, and sells the mixture at Rs. 33 per kg. What percentage of profit does he make ?

Option 1: 8%

Option 2: 9%

Option 3: 10%

Option 4: None of these 

Answer: 3: 10%

Explanation:

Suppose he bought 2kg,4kg and 3kg of the three varieties.

C.P.of9kg=Rs.(2×50+4×20+3×30) = Rs. 270 S.P.of9kg=Rs.(9×33)=Rs.297

∴ Profit % = (27×100/270)% = 10%

.

Question 17:

A man buys 2 dozen bananas at Rs. 16 per dozen. Aer selling 18 bananas at the rate of Rs. 12 per dozen, the shopkeeper reduced the rate to Rs. 4 per dozen. The percent loss is ?

Option 1: 25.2 

Option 2: 32.4 

Option 3: 36.5 

Option 4: 37.5

Answer: 4: 37.5

Explanation:

C.P.=Rs.(16×2)=32 S.P.=Rs.(12×1.5+4×0.5) =Rs.(18+2)=Rs.20

∴ Loss % = (12×100/32)% = 37.5%.

 

Question 18:

Some articles were bought at 6 for Rs. 5 and sold at 5 for Rs. 6. Gain percent is? 

Option 1: 30% 

Option 2: 33 ⅓%

Option 3: 35% 

Option 4: 44%

 Answer: 4: 44%

Explanation:

Suppose, number of articles bought= L.C.M. of 6 and 5 = 30

 C.P. of 30 articles= Rs.5×30/6= Rs. 25

S.P. of 30 articles= Rs.6×30/5 = Rs. 36

∴Gain %=11×100/25=44%

 

Question 19

A man bought apples at the rate of 8 for Rs. 34 and sold them at the rate of 12 for Rs. 57. How many apples should be sold to earn a net profit ofRs.45?

Option 1: 90

Option 2: 100 

Option 3: 135

Option 4: 150

Answer: 1: 90 

Explanation:

C.P. of 1 apple = Rs. 34/8= Rs. 4.25

S.P. of 1 apple = Rs. 57/12= Rs. 4.75

Profit on each apple = Rs. 0.50.

∴ Number of apples required =45/0.50= 90.

If loss is 1/3 of S.P, the loss percentage is ?
 

Question 20: 

If loss is 1/3 of S.P, the loss percentage is ? 

Option 1: 16 ⅔ %

Option 2: 20%

Option 3: 25% 

Option 4: 33 ⅓ % 

Answer: 3: 25%

Explanation:

S.P. = Rs. x Then, Loss = Rs. X/3

C.P. = Rs. (X+x/3)= Rs. 4x/3

∴ Loss % =( x/3)/(4x/3) ×100 = 25%.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

What is Profit ?

It is the profit earned when a product is sold for more than its cost price.

What is loss ?

A loss is the amount a seller loses after selling a product for less than its cost price.

What is Price of the product (CP) ?

A cost price is the amount paid for a product or commodity at the time of purchase. Also abbreviated as CP.

What is Fixed Cost ?

 A fixed cost is one that remains constant regardless of the conditions.

Cost is variable and depends on the quantity of units ordered.

Free Demo Classes

Register here for Free Demo Classes

Trending Courses

Professional Certification Programme in Digital Marketing (Batch-5)
Professional Certification Programme in Digital Marketing (Batch-5)

Now at just ₹ 49999 ₹ 9999950% off

Master Certification Digital Marketing Program Batch-10
Master Certification Digital Marketing Program Batch-10

Now at just ₹ 64999 ₹ 12500048% off

Advanced Certification in Digital Marketing Online Programme (Batch-22)
Advanced Certification in Digital Marketing Online Programme (Batch-22)

Now at just ₹ 20999 ₹ 3599942% off

Advance Graphic Designing Course (Batch-9) : 90 Hours of Learning
Advance Graphic Designing Course (Batch-9) : 90 Hours of Learning

Now at just ₹ 15999 ₹ 3599956% off

Flipkart Hot Selling Course in 2024
Flipkart Hot Selling Course in 2024

Now at just ₹ 10000 ₹ 3000067% off

Advanced Certification in Digital Marketing Classroom Programme (Batch-3)
Advanced Certification in Digital Marketing Classroom Programme (Batch-3)

Now at just ₹ 29999 ₹ 9999970% off

Basic Digital Marketing Course (Batch-24): 50 Hours Live+ Recorded Classes!
Basic Digital Marketing Course (Batch-24): 50 Hours Live+ Recorded Classes!

Now at just ₹ 1499 ₹ 999985% off

WhatsApp Business Marketing Course
WhatsApp Business Marketing Course

Now at just ₹ 599 ₹ 159963% off

Advance Excel Course
Advance Excel Course

Now at just ₹ 2499 ₹ 800069% off